Defensive Sectors Are No Help In Market Downturns

Wall Street's advice on how to prepare for possible market corrections has always been the same. No matter what happens to the economy people will still have to eat, drink, and take their medicines. So consumer staples, food, beverage, healthcare, and drug companies will do well even in economic and market downturns.

Also on the list are large solid companies with stable earnings, particularly those like utilities that pay solid dividends that should offset declines in their stock prices.

As one prominent brokerage firm posts on its website, "Defensive stocks represent necessary items, like food, gas and medicine, and tend to change very little with the economic cycle because consumers are likely to continue buying them even in tough economic times."

Defensive stocks currently recommended by Wall Street firms include the usual; Proctor & Gamble (PG), Kellogg (K), Coca Cola (KO), PepsiCo (PEP), WalMart (WMT), McDonald's (MCD), Johnson & Johnson (JNJ), Amgen (AMGN), Pfizer (PFE), and utilities companies.

However, investors need to be aware that while consumers will indeed have to continue to eat, drink, and take their medicines, and therefore continue to buy the products of those companies, in a market decline investors do not have to continue to value the earnings of those companies as highly as during an exciting bull market. Furthermore, they do not.

In the enthusiasm of a bull market investors may be willing to pay 20 times earnings for a stock, while in the throes of a serious market decline they will perhaps pay only 12 times earnings for the same stock. Thus, although a company's earnings may continue to grow, even 'defensive' sector companies see their stocks decline in value in a market correction.

For instance, in the 2000-2002 bear market, the recommended 'defensive' stocks included Alcoa, Bristol Myer Squibb, Citigroup, Coca-Cola, Disney, DuPont, Fannie Mae, General Electric, Home Depot, IBM, Merck, and WalMart. They plunged an average of 59% to their lows, worse than the Dow's decline of 38% and the S&P 500 decline of 49%.

The utility sector was also highly recommended as portfolio protection, since utilities are noted for paying high dividends. However, the DJ Utilities Average plunged 60% in the 2000-2002 bear market, more than the S&P 500's 49% decline.

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In the 2007-2009 bear market, using ETFs as a proxy for the 'defensive' sectors, while the S&P 500 lost 50% of its value, the HLDRS Pharmaceuticals etf (PPH) declined 43%, the Van Guard Healthcare etf (VHT) plunged 42%, and the SPDR Consumer Staples etf (XLP), fell 35%. Meanwhile, the dividend-paying DJ Utilities Index plunged 48%.

Those were severe bear markets. How do 'defensive' sectors perform in less severe 10% to 15% corrections? Let's look at their performance in the last one, the summer correction in 2011.

The Dow declined 16% in that correction. The Van Guard Healthcare etf (VHT) declined 17%. The HLDRS Pharmaceuticals etf (PPH) declined 14%. The SPDR Consumer Staples etf (XLP) fell 10%. Meanwhile, the DJ Utilities Avg declined 13%.

History seems to show that repositioning a portfolio into so-called defensive sector holdings when risk rises of a market correction does not provide much, if any, protection.

Is there a better approach?

Moving to higher cash levels to avoid losses would seem to be one.

However, to borrow a phrase from sports, perhaps the best defense is a good offense.

Inverse ETFs are not merely defensive, but produce significant profits in market declines.